What skills should be mastered for raising and strengthening seedlings

1、 Cultivate nutrient soil. Take soil from plots where scallions, garlic were planted last year, or eggplant and fruit vegetables have not been planted in recent years. Mix well with garden soil, decomposed horse manure, and stable manure in a ratio of 1:1:1, and then add nutrient soil prepared with superphosphate, which is equivalent to 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the cultivation soil, to fill the seedbed. Step on and level it.

2、 Seed disinfection. Soak the seeds in warm water at 55 ℃ or in a 10% trisodium phosphate aqueous solution for 20-30 minutes. After removal, rinse thoroughly with clean water, and then proceed with germination and sowing.

3、 Seed processing. A magnetized seed device can be used to magnetize the seeds, or multifunctional aerobic water can be used to treat the seeds. The "863 biological booster" can also be used to make the seeds undergo nano treatment. After using any one or all of the above three methods for simultaneous treatment, the activity of enzymes in the seeds is activated and enhanced, and the disease resistance of the seeds is significantly enhanced. Generally, the seeds can germinate 3-4 days early, and the seedlings grow fast and robust.

4、 Suitable sowing time. Accurately calculate the appropriate sowing date based on the planting period. Before sowing, the seedbed should be thoroughly watered, followed by sowing, covering with soil, and covering with plastic film.

5、 Temperature management. Generally, it is advisable to maintain a temperature of 25-30 ℃ until the emergence of eggplant and fruit vegetables; After emergence, it is advisable to maintain a temperature of 20-22 ℃ during the day and 15-16 ℃ at night; Before transplanting to the slow seedling stage, it is advisable to maintain a temperature of 25-28 ℃. After slow seedling stage, it is advisable to maintain a temperature of 20-25 ℃ during the day and 15-18 ℃ at night; Low temperature exercise should be conducted 7-10 days before planting to improve the survival rate of eggplant and fruit vegetables.

6、 Lighting management. Eggplant and fruit vegetables all like strong light and grow vigorously under strong light, while they are prone to diseases under weak light. The specific lighting management measures are: ⑴ Glass or plastic film should be kept clean to reduce the accumulation of water droplets and dust, and improve light transmittance. ⑵ Under the condition of ensuring temperature, try to uncover the tarpaulin as early as possible and cover it as late as possible to extend the lighting hours Hang reflective curtains to increase light intensity and receiving area Even on cloudy days, the tarpaulin is uncovered.

7、 Water management. Watering the bottom water thoroughly before sowing; Do not water immediately after sowing; Watering once during seedling emergence; When watering, pour thoroughly from one end at a time and do not pour back and forth repeatedly. After each watering, when there is no trace of water on the leaves, sprinkle some dry soil or plant ash to help preserve moisture, prevent compaction, and reduce soil temperature. Avoid watering on cloudy and snowy days.

8、 Refine seedlings before planting. Conduct low-temperature exercise at night 5-7 days before planting. If the seedlings are too tender, in order to avoid cold damage, they can be exercised at a higher temperature (7-10 ℃) for several days before further refining. The suitable temperature for refining seedlings of general eggplant vegetables is 3-5 ℃ for tomatoes; Eggplant and chili peppers are aged at 8-11 ℃, and the seedling cultivation time is 3-5 days. After low-temperature exercise, eggplant and fruit vegetables can significantly improve their adaptability, tolerate general frost, and slow down the seedlings and start early after planting. In addition, methods such as enlarging seedling spacing and uncovering and sun drying can be used to promote the strength of seedlings, enhance their resistance to stress, and improve the survival rate of planting.